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7185 qashah {kaw-shaw'}

字根型; TWOT - 2085; 动词
钦定本 - harden 12, hard 4, stiffnecked + 6203　2, grievous 2, misc 8; 28
1) 使困难, 使苛刻, 使凶猛
1a) (Qal)
1a1) 使困难, 使辛苦
1a2) 使困难, 使苛刻
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) 被苦待 （ 赛8:21 ）
1c) (Piel) 使生产艰难 （ 创35:16 ）
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) 使之艰难, 困难
1d2) 使之刻薄, 使之沉重
1d3) 使之困难, 使之顽强, 使之固执
1d4) 表现出顽固的一面
07185 qashah {kaw-shaw'}
a primitive root; TWOT - 2085; v
AV - harden 12, hard 4, stiffnecked + 06203 2, grievous 2, misc 8; 28
1) to be hard, be severe, be fierce, be harsh
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be hard, be difficult
1a2) to be hard, be severe
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be ill-treated
1b2) to be hard pressed
1c) (Piel) to have severe labour (of women)
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to make difficult, make difficulty
1d2) to make severe, make burdensome
1d3) to make hard, make stiff, make stubborn
1d3a) of obstinacy (fig)
1d4) to show stubbornness

Transliterated: qashah
Phonetic: kaw-shaw'

Text: a primitive root; properly, to be dense, i.e. tough or severe (in various applications):

KJV --be cruel, be fiercer, make grievous, be ([ask a], be in, have, seem, would) hard(-en, [labour], -ly, thing), be sore, (be, make) stiff(-en, [-necked]).


Found 28 references in the Old Testament Bible
创35:16
[和合]他们从伯特利起行，离以法他还有一段路程，拉结临产甚是艰难。
[KJV]And they journeyed from Bethel; and there was but a little way to come to Ephrath: and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labour.
[和合+]他们从伯特利1008起行5265，离0935以法他0672还有5750一段3530路程0776，拉结7354临产3205-3205甚是艰难7185。
创35:17
[和合]正在艰难的时候，收生婆对她说:“不要怕，你又要得一个儿子了。”
[KJV]And it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the midwife said unto her, Fear not; thou shalt have this son also.
[和合+]正在艰难7185-3205的时候，收生婆3205对他说0559：不要怕3372，你又要得一个儿子1121了。
创49:7
[和合]他们的怒气暴烈可咒；他们的忿恨残忍可诅。我要使他们分居在雅各家里，散住在以色列地中。
[KJV]Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath, for it was cruel: I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel.
[和合+]他们的怒气0639暴烈5794可咒0779；他们的忿恨5678残忍7185可诅。我要使他们分居2505在雅各3290家里，散6327住在以色列3478地中。
出7:3
[和合]我要使法老的心刚硬，也要在埃及地多行神迹奇事。
[KJV]And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.
[和合+]我要使法老6547的心3820刚硬7185，也要在埃及4714地0776多行7235神蹟0226奇事4159。
出13:15
[和合]那时法老几乎不容我们去，耶和华就把埃及地所有头生的，无论是人是牲畜，都杀了；因此我把一切头生的公牲畜献给耶和华为祭，但将头生的儿子都赎出来。
[KJV]And it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go, that the LORD slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man, and the firstborn of beast: therefore I sacrifice to the LORD all that openeth the matrix, being males; but all the firstborn of my children I redeem.
[和合+]那时法老6547几乎不容7185我们去7971，耶和华3068就把埃及4714地0776所有头生的1060，无论是人0120是牲畜0929，都杀了2026。因此，我把一切头生6363的公2145牲畜献给2076耶和华3068为祭，但将头生的1060儿子1121都赎出来6299。
申1:17
[和合]审判的时候，不可看人的外貌，听讼不可分贵贱，不可惧怕人，因为审判是属乎　神的。若有难断的案件，可以呈到我这里，我就判断。
[KJV]Ye shall not respect persons in judgment; but ye shall hear the small as well as the great; ye shall not be afraid of the face of man; for the judgment is God's: and the cause that is too hard for you, bring it unto me, and I will hear it.
[和合+]审判的时候4941，不可看5234人的外貌6440；听8085讼不可分贵1419贱6996，不可惧怕1481人6440-0376，因为审判4941是属乎神的0430。若有难断7185的案件1697，可以呈7126到我这里，我就判断8085。
申2:30
[和合]但希实本王西宏不容我们从他那里经过，因为耶和华你的　神使他心中刚硬，性情顽梗，为要将他交在你手中，象今日一样。
[KJV]But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him: for the LORD thy God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that he might deliver him into thy hand, as appeareth this day.
[和合+]但希实本2809王4428西宏5511不容0014我们从他那里经过5674；因为耶和华3068―你的　神0430使他心中7307刚硬7185，性情3824顽梗0553，为要将他交5414在你手中3027，象今日3117一样。
申10:16
[和合]所以你们要将心里的污秽除掉，不可再硬着颈项。
[KJV]Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiffnecked.
[和合+]所以你们要将心3824里的污秽6190除掉4135，不可再硬着颈项6203-7185。
申15:18
[和合]你任他自由的时候，不可以为难事，因他服事你六年，较比雇工的工价多加一倍了。耶和华你的　神就必在你所作的一切事上赐福与你。”
[KJV]It shall not seem hard unto thee, when thou sendest him away free from thee; for he hath been worth a double hired servant to thee, in serving thee six years: and the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all that thou doest.
[和合+]你5869任7971他自由2670的时候，不可以为难事7185，因他服事5647你六8337年8141，较比雇工7916的工价7939多加一倍4932了。耶和华3068―你的　神0430就必在你所做6213的一切事上赐福1288与你。
撒上5:7
[和合]亚实突人见这光景，就说:“以色列　神的约柜不可留在我们这里，因为他的手重重加在我们和我们神大衮的身上。”
[KJV]And when the men of Ashdod saw that it was so, they said, The ark of the God of Israel shall not abide with us: for his hand is sore upon us, and upon Dagon our god.
[和合+]亚实突0795人0582见7200这光景，就说0559：以色列3478　神0430的约柜0727不可留在3427我们这里，因为他的手3027重重加在7185我们和我们　神0430大衮1712的身上；
撒下19:44
[和合]
[KJV]
[和合+]以色列3478人0376回答6030犹大3063人0376说0559：按支派，我们与王4428有十6235分3027的情分；在大卫1732身上，我们0589也比你们更有情分。你们为何藐视7043我们，请王4428回来7725不先7223与我们商量1697呢？但犹大3063人0376的话1697比以色列3478人1697的话1697更硬7185。
王上12:4
[和合]“你父亲使我们负重轭，作苦工；现在求你使我们作的苦工，负的重轭轻松些，我们就事奉你。”
[KJV]Thy father made our yoke grievous: now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee.
[和合+]你父亲0001使我们负重轭5923，做苦工7185，现在求你使5414我们做的苦7186工5656、负的重3515轭5923轻松些7043，我们就事奉5647你。
王下2:10
[和合]以利亚说:“你所求的难得!虽然如此，我被接去离开你的时候，你若看见我，就必得着；不然，必得不着了。”
[KJV]And he said, Thou hast asked a hard thing: nevertheless, if thou see me when I am taken from thee, it shall be so unto thee; but if not, it shall not be so.
[和合+]以利亚说0559：你所求的7592难得7185。虽然如此，我被接去3947离开你的时候，你若看见7200我，就必得着；不然，必得不着了。
王下17:14
[和合]他们却不听从，竟硬着颈项，效法他们列祖，不信服耶和华他们的　神。
[KJV]Notwithstanding they would not hear, but hardened their necks, like to the neck of their fathers, that did not believe in the LORD their God.
[和合+]他们却不听从8085，竟硬着7185颈项6203，效法他们列祖0001，不信服0539耶和华3068―他们的　神0430，
代下10:4
[和合]“你父亲使我们负重轭作苦工，现在求你使我们作的苦工负的重轭轻松些，我们就事奉你。”
[KJV]Thy father made our yoke grievous: now therefore ease thou somewhat the grievous servitude of thy father, and his heavy yoke that he put upon us, and we will serve thee.
[和合+]你父亲0001使我们负重7185轭5923做苦工，现在求你使我们做的苦7186工5656负5414的重3515轭5923轻松7043些，我们就事奉5647你。
代下30:8
[和合]现在不要象你们列祖硬着颈项，只要归顺耶和华，进入他的圣所，就是永远成圣的居所。又要事奉耶和华你们的　神，好使他的烈怒转离你们。
[KJV]Now be ye not stiffnecked, as your fathers were, but yield yourselves unto the LORD, and enter into his sanctuary, which he hath sanctified for ever: and serve the LORD your God, that the fierceness of his wrath may turn away from you.
[和合+]现在不要象你们列祖0001硬着7185颈项6203，只要归顺耶和华3068，进入0935他的圣所4720，就是永远5769成圣6942的居所；又要事奉5647耶和华3068―你们的　神0430，好使他的烈怒2740-0639转离7725你们。
代下36:13
[和合]尼布甲尼撒曾使他指着　神起誓，他却背叛，强项硬心，不归服耶和华以色列的　神。
[KJV]And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD God of Israel.
[和合+]尼布甲尼撒5019曾使他指着　神0430起誓7650，他却背叛4775，强7185项6203硬0553心3824，不归服7725耶和华3068―以色列3478的　神0430。
尼9:16
[和合]但我们的列祖行事狂傲，硬着颈项不听从你的诫命；
[KJV]But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their necks, and hearkened not to thy commandments,
[和合+]但我们的列祖0001行事狂傲2102，硬着7185颈项6203不听从8085你的诫命4687；
尼9:17
[和合]不肯顺从，也不记念你在他们中间所行的奇事；竟硬着颈项，居心背逆，自立首领，要回他们为奴之地。但你是乐意饶恕人；有恩典，有怜悯，不轻易发怒，有丰盛慈爱的　神，并不丢弃他们。
[KJV]And refused to obey, neither were mindful of thy wonders that thou didst among them; but hardened their necks, and in their rebellion appointed a captain to return to their bondage: but thou art a God ready to pardon, gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and forsookest them not.
[和合+]不肯3985顺从8085，也不纪念2142你在他们中间所行6213的奇事6381，竟硬着7185颈项6203，居心背逆4805，自立5414首领7218，要回7725他们为奴5659之地。但你是乐意饶恕5547人，有恩典2587，有怜悯7349，不轻易0750发怒0639，有丰盛7227慈爱2617的神0433，并不丢弃他们5800。
尼9:29
[和合]又警戒他们，要使他们归服你的律法。他们却行事狂傲，不听从你的诫命，干犯你的典章(人若遵行就必因此活着)，扭转肩头，硬着颈项，不肯听从。
[KJV]And testifiedst against them, that thou mightest bring them again unto thy law: yet they dealt proudly, and hearkened not unto thy commandments, but sinned against thy judgments, (which if a man do, he shall live in them;) and withdrew the shoulder, and hardened their neck, and would not hear.
[和合+]又警戒5749他们，要使他们归服你的律法8451。他们却行事狂傲2102，不听从8085你的诫命4687，干犯2398你的典章4941（人0120若遵行6213就必因此活着2421），扭转5414-5637肩头3802，硬着7185颈项6203，不肯听从8085。
伯9:4
[和合]他心里有智慧，且大有能力。谁向　神刚硬而得亨通呢?
[KJV]He is wise in heart, and mighty in strength: who hath hardened himself against him, and hath prospered?
[和合+]他心3824里有智慧2450，且大0533有能力3581。谁向　神0430刚硬7185而得亨通7999呢？
诗95:8
[和合]“你们不可硬着心，象当日在米利巴，就是在旷野的玛撒。
[KJV]Harden not your heart, as in the provocation, and as in the day of temptation in the wilderness:
[和合+]你们不可硬着7185心3824，象当日3117在米利巴4808，就是在旷野4057的玛撒4531。
箴28:14
[和合]常存敬畏的，便为有福；心存刚硬的，必陷在祸患里。
[KJV]Happy is the man that feareth alway: but he that hardeneth his heart shall fall into mischief.
[和合+]常存8548敬畏6342的，便为有福0835；心3820存刚硬7185的，必陷在5307祸患里7451。
箴29:1
[和合]人屡次受责罚，仍然硬着颈项，他必顷刻败坏，无法可治。
[KJV]He, that being often reproved hardeneth his neck, shall suddenly be destroyed, and that without remedy.
[和合+]人0376屡次受责罚8433，仍然硬着7185颈项6203；他必顷刻6621败坏7665，无法可治4832。
赛8:21
[和合]他们必经过这地，受艰难、受饥饿；饥饿的时候，心中焦躁，咒骂自己的君王和自己的　神。
[KJV]And they shall pass through it, hardly bestead and hungry: and it shall come to pass, that when they shall be hungry, they shall fret themselves, and curse their king and their God, and look upward.
[和合+]他们必经过5674这地，受艰难7185，受饥饿7457；饥饿7456的时候，心中焦躁7107，咒骂7043自己的君王4428和自己的　神0430。
耶7:26
[和合]你们却不听从不侧耳而听，竟硬着颈项行恶，比你们列祖更甚。
[KJV]Yet they hearkened not unto me, nor inclined their ear, but hardened their neck: they did worse than their fathers.
[和合+]你们却不听从8085，不侧5186耳0241而听，竟硬着7185颈项6203行恶7489，比你们列祖0001更甚。
耶17:23
[和合]他们却不听从，不侧耳而听，竟硬着颈项不听，不受教训。”
[KJV]But they obeyed not, neither inclined their ear, but made their neck stiff, that they might not hear, nor receive instruction.
[和合+]他们却不听从8085，不侧5186耳0241而听，竟硬着7185颈项6203不听8085，不受3947教训4148。
耶19:15
[和合]
[KJV]
[和合+]万军6635之耶和华3068―以色列3478的　神0430如此说0559：我必使我所说的1696一切灾祸7451临到0935这城5892和属城的一切城邑5892，因为他们硬着7185颈项6203不听8085我的话1697。